http://www.cbc.ca/quirks/media/2008-2009/mp3/qq-2008-10-04_01.mp3
Pond scum may not be pretty to look at, but some scientists think it may be a beautiful solution to our energy needs. Over the past few years, we've devoted a lot of effort to developing biofuels from plant crops like corn and soy. But these crops take up lots of land and use a lot of water - resources we need for food production. It also takes a lot of fossil fuels to farm biofuels, so they're not nearly as green as we once supposed. Now the challenge is to find plants that don't need prime agricultural land and heavy irrigation to thrive.
Not a lot of plants are up to the challenge -- except perhaps for humble algae, better known as pond scum. Despite their diminutive size, some species of algae can turn sunlight and carbon dioxide into oil, which they store as fat reserves in their tiny bodies. This oil, in turn, can be processed into a biodeisel we can use in our cars. It sounds like a great idea and some scientists are convinced we can replace the fossil fuel we use with algal biofuel. But there are plenty of challenges before we start running on pond power. Researchers have only just begun to identify which species produce high amounts of oil and, then, getting them to do it reliably turns out to be kind of tricky. As well, designing large-scale algal farms turns out to be harder than it might sound. So, producing algal biofuel in the kind of volume that can satisfy our unquenchable thirst for fuel may still be a long way off.
Dr. Kirsten Heimann is the Director of the North Queensland Algal Identification and Culturing Facility at James Cook University in Australia. She and her colleagues are sifting through innumerable algal species in order to find which ones pump out the most oil. Dr. Heimann is particularly encouraged by one species she's found that produces 30 percent of its body weight in oil.
Dr. Al Darzins oversees the U.S. Department of Energy's National Bioenergy Center in Golden, Colorado. Dr. Darzins and his colleagues have recently re-started a U.S. government research program identifying oil-producing algae and trying to grow it on a large-scale.
Dr. Andres Clarens is an an Assistant Professor and an Environmental Engineer at the University of Virginia. He's interested in using waste CO2 from coal factories as a way of super-charging algal growth. As hopeful as he is that we'll be able to develop algal bio-fuel, he thinks, in the short term, large-scale algae farms will be best suited for sequestering carbon dioxide.
Dr. John Benemann is an independent consultant and research scientist who is somewhat skeptical that we'll ever produce algal biofuels in significant enough quantities that it will ever be a viable fuel alternative. However, like Dr. Clarens, he feels it has tremendous potential to act as an environmental sponge, not just for cleaning up the air, but as an efficient filtering system for sewage and waste water.